Explaining ADU Laws

The laws regulating Accessory Dwelling Units (ADU) in St. Petersburg serve as an essential tool for addressing the housing crisis and improving housing accessibility. The City Council and local authorities have developed detailed regulations to simplify the ADU construction process while protecting neighbors’ interests and preserving the unique architectural character of neighborhoods.

ADUs are self-contained residential units that can be attached to the main house, located within it (e.g., in a basement), or exist as standalone structures. These units include essential amenities such as a sleeping area, kitchen, and bathroom. Property owners who wish to create ADUs must consider zoning requirements, building codes, and operational rules.

Permitted Zones for ADUs

To avoid conflicts with surrounding developments and ensure the harmonious growth of the city, ADUs are permitted in specific zones:

1. Neighborhood Traditional Mixed Residential (NTM-1)
   This zone supports a variety of housing types, aiming to provide affordable housing for residents with diverse income levels.
2. Neighborhood Suburban (NS)
   This zone predominantly features single-family homes but allows ADUs under certain conditions, provided they comply with all rules and regulations.
3. Neighborhood Traditional (NT-3)
   This zone permits the construction of various housing types, including ADUs, to increase density and enhance the overall character of the area.

The laws set strict requirements for minimum lot sizes, building dimensions, parking spaces, and setbacks from property lines. These rules help maintain a balance between expanding housing stock and preserving architectural harmony.

Key Rules for ADU Construction

Before starting construction, property owners must adhere to critical building and operational requirements. Key rules include:

• Minimum Lot Size
  The lot size depends on the zoning and other factors. It is essential to ensure that the construction of an ADU does not overburden the area’s infrastructure.
• Maximum ADU Size
  City regulations limit the size of ADUs to preserve the architectural style and proportions of the neighborhood.
• Owner Occupancy
  Property owners are required to reside in either the primary home or the ADU. This rule is intended to minimize conflicts with neighbors.
• Parking Requirements
  In some zones, additional parking spaces may be required, particularly for properties located far from public transportation.
• Restrictions on Short-Term Rentals
  Many zones prohibit using ADUs for short-term rentals (e.g., Airbnb) to preserve housing affordability for long-term tenants.

Permit Process

To build or renovate an ADU, property owners must strictly follow the established procedure:

1. Submitting an Application
   Property owners should submit an application through the city’s Building & Permitting portal. The application must include detailed plans showing compliance with all requirements.
2. Project Approval
   After the documents are reviewed and the project is deemed compliant with zoning regulations, the property owner will receive a building permit.
3. Working with Contractors
   It is recommended to hire a licensed contractor who is familiar with local building codes and standards. The contractor will oversee all stages of the project, from design to final inspection.

Design and Construction Standards

The design of ADUs must meet the following standards:

• Minimum Size
  The minimum size of an ADU is typically 375 square feet, ensuring comfortable living conditions.
• Maximum Size
  The size of an ADU depends on the size of the main house and must not exceed a certain percentage of the lot’s total area.

The complete list of requirements can be found in St. Petersburg’s city code.

ADUs as a Solution to the Housing Crisis

ADUs play a key role in providing affordable housing. They offer lower rental costs compared to traditional homes, making them appealing to:

• Young professionals seeking housing close to work.
• Elderly individuals who prefer to stay near family while maintaining independence.
• Families looking for additional income from renting out an ADU.

Impact on Infrastructure and Transportation

ADU development increases housing density, which can lead to greater transportation demands. To mitigate these effects, the city has introduced parking exemptions for properties near public transit. This encourages alternative transportation methods and reduces traffic congestion.

Adapting ADUs for Different Needs

ADUs offer flexibility in their use:

• Housing for Relatives
  Compact living spaces provide proximity to family while maintaining privacy.
• Additional Income
  Property owners can rent out ADUs long-term to offset mortgage or property maintenance costs.
• Future Flexibility
  ADUs can be used as guest houses, home offices, or creative studios, adapting to changing needs.

Conclusion

ADUs are a vital element in solving St. Petersburg’s housing crisis. These small residential units not only provide new housing options but also support the diversity of housing stock without disrupting the city’s architectural character. Property owners are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the city’s ADU program and involve experienced contractors to bring their projects to life.